Systematic literature review: Financing system in railway transportation

Trains are one of the least polluting modes mass transportation. The creation railway infrastructure aims to promote connection and mobility spur economic growth. purpose this research is provide an overview funding around world. method based on examining literature over last 20 years. This issues solutions answers challenges using trends. study's approach consists three steps: bibliometric analysis with mapping through keywords "rail" "finance" from Scopus account get financing, Vosviewer, analyzing. review included 506 articles published between 2008 2022 "financing" or "engineering" "economic." findings demonstrated that high cost development operations necessitated alternative creative financing avoid taxing state. Railway investment significant, but revenue will be substantial in future. Thus PPP scheme methods for acquisition, operating, maintenance